9 sep 2026,
Gerecht: gebruik van NEAM als ondernemingsnaam is onvoldoende bewijs van normaal merkgebruik voor financiële diensten
Gerecht EU 9 september 2026, IEF 23813, IEFbe 4299; ECLI:EU:T:2026:552 (NEA). Het Gerecht verwerpt het beroep van Nord Est Asset Management tegen de beslissing van de vijfde kamer van beroep van het EUIPO, waarbij haar oppositie tegen de Uniemerkaanvraag NEA van New Enterprise Associates was afgewezen omdat geen normaal gebruik was aangetoond van het oudere Uniebeeldmerk NEAM, ingeschreven voor ‘financial affairs; monetary affairs’ in klasse 36. Nadat New Enterprise Associates om bewijs van gebruik had verzocht, moest Nord Est Asset Management op grond van artikel 47, lid 2, van Verordening 2017/1001 aantonen dat het oudere merk van 18 oktober 2017 tot en met 17 oktober 2022 normaal was gebruikt in de Europese Unie. Het Gerecht benadrukt dat een teken dat tevens een ondernemingsnaam is in beginsel wel als merk kan worden gebruikt, maar dat het enkele gebruik ervan ter identificatie van de onderneming daarvoor niet volstaat. Er moet een zodanige band bestaan tussen het teken en de aangeboden diensten dat het teken wordt gebruikt overeenkomstig de wezenlijke functie van het merk, namelijk het waarborgen van de commerciële herkomst van die diensten. Normaal gebruik moet bovendien met solide en objectief bewijs van daadwerkelijk en voldoende gebruik op de relevante markt worden aangetoond.
De door Nord Est Asset Management overgelegde stukken bewijzen die vereiste band niet. Uit onder meer de bedrijfspresentatie, website, jaarrekeningen, belastingaangiften, overeenkomsten en persberichten blijkt wel dat NEAM als afkorting van Nord Est Asset Management werd gebruikt, maar niet dat de betrokken financiële en monetaire diensten onder NEAM aan het publiek werden aangeboden. Verschillende stukken wijzen er juist op dat de beleggingsfondsen onder het afzonderlijke teken NEF werden aangeboden en dat bepaalde functies, waaronder vermogensbeheer, aan andere ondernemingen waren gedelegeerd. Ook het aanbrengen van NEAM op documenten, het gebruik ervan in de domeinnaam neam.lu en verwijzingen naar de commerciële activiteiten of het succes van de onderneming zijn zonder een aantoonbare koppeling met de herkomst van de diensten onvoldoende. Het betoog dat NEAM als paraplumerk voor de onder NEF aangeboden diensten fungeerde, slaagt om dezelfde reden niet. De kamer van beroep heeft daarom terecht vastgesteld dat slechts gebruik van NEAM als ondernemingsnaam was aangetoond en niet normaal gebruik als merk voor de diensten waarvoor het was ingeschreven. Daarmee faalt de oppositie zonder dat aan de beoordeling van het gestelde verwarringsgevaar met NEA wordt toegekomen. Het Gerecht verwerpt het beroep volledig; Nord Est Asset Management draagt haar eigen kosten en die van New Enterprise Associates en het EUIPO draagt zijn eigen kosten.
62 It must be held that the Board of Appeal’s assessment is not called into question by the applicant’s other arguments.
63 First, the applicant submits that the contested decision is contradictory. It argues that the Board of Appeal paradoxically acknowledges, in paragraph 57 of that decision, that the earlier mark was used as a company name by the applicant, while concluding that genuine use of it, as a trade mark, has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, the applicant claims that the Board of Appeal acknowledged its commercial success, but failed to recognise the distinctive character of the sign with which that success was obtained.
64 In that regard, it is sufficient to note, as has already been stated in paragraph 61 above, that the Board of Appeal did not err in observing, in the light of the examination of the evidence which it carried out, that the earlier mark was used as a company name for the applicant, but that proof of its genuine use, as a trade mark, was lacking. In addition, as regards the arguments based on the applicant’s commercial success, it is sufficient to note that those aspects are irrelevant in the context of the examination of genuine use of a mark. It is apparent from the case-law cited in paragraph 24 above that the purpose of the provisions governing the examination of genuine use is not to assess commercial success or to review the economic strategy of an undertaking, nor is it intended to restrict trade mark protection to the case where large-scale commercial use has been made of the marks.
65 Second, the applicant submits that the Board of Appeal should have recognised that the earlier mark constituted an ‘umbrella mark’, namely a sign used to identify and encompass the applicant’s commercial identity and its portfolio of services, in that the sign NEF was used simultaneously with the applicant’s company name. According to the applicant, the earlier mark is used as a domain name for the applicant’s website, by which, inter alia, services marketed under the separate mark NEF are promoted.
66 It is sufficient to note that the Board of Appeal was correct to reject that line of argument in paragraphs 42 to 44, 46 and 51 of the contested decision. Although the sign NEAM is used, inter alia, as a domain name to designate the applicant’s website, on which financial services marketed under the sign NEF are presented, it is apparent from the analysis carried out in paragraphs 41 to 61 above that there is no evidence to support the conclusion that the services at issue were identified and supplied on the market under the sign NEAM, so as to establish a link between the earlier mark and those services by indicating their commercial origin, such that it would be perceived as an umbrella mark for the funds at issue.
67 Third, it is necessary to reject the applicant’s line of argument relying on the judgment of 27 September 2007, LA MER (T‑418/03, not published, EU:T:2007:299), and the decision of the Fourth Board of Appeal of EUIPO of 7 March 2025 in Case R 1356/2024-4, which it raises by way of comparison in the present case. As the Board of Appeal observed in paragraph 56 of the contested decision, the judgment of the Court cited above is not comparable to the present case in that, contrary to the situation arising from that judgment, the applicant has not submitted any evidence showing that the earlier mark was used as an indicator of the commercial origin of a specific service.
68 In addition, as regards the line of argument based on the decision of the Fourth Board of Appeal of EUIPO in Case R 1356/2024-4, it should be borne in mind that, according to the case-law, the legality of the decisions of the Board of Appeal, which are adopted in the exercise of circumscribed powers and are not a matter of discretion, must be assessed solely on the basis of Regulation 2017/1001, as interpreted by the Courts of the European Union, and not on the basis of a previous decision-making practice of EUIPO which cannot, in any event, bind those Courts (judgments of 15 September 2005, BioID v OHIM, C‑37/03 P, EU:C:2005:547, paragraph 47, and of 14 May 2025, Karneolis v EUIPO – Match Group (KinkySwipe), T‑332/24, not published, EU:T:2025:489, paragraph 52). In any event, as EUIPO submits, in that case, and contrary to the present case, the Board of Appeal had multiple invoices and quotations for the services at issue on which the sign at issue had been affixed.
69 It follows from the foregoing that the Board of Appeal was correct to conclude that the evidence in the file did not demonstrate that the earlier mark had been used in accordance with its essential function of identifying the commercial origin of the services provided by the applicant, and that, consequently, the applicant had not succeeded in demonstrating genuine use of the earlier mark, in accordance with Article 47(2) of Regulation 2017/1001, read in conjunction with Article 10(2) of Delegated Regulation 2018/625.
70 Accordingly, the single plea in law must be rejected and, therefore, the action must be dismissed in its entirety.